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What’s Next if My First Attempt at DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Fails?

May 25, 2012 by

The below question was answered by Charleston breast surgeon, Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr., MD of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction:

If the first DIEP flap breast reconstruction fails what are my options?

This is a rare scenario, but in our practice we generally recommend waiting 3 months for the body to recover, then using another area of tissue, most commonly the buttock to perform the reconstruction.  The failure of the first reconstructive attempt does not seem to adversely affect the success rate of the second reconstructive attempt. We have in the past sometimes attempted to perform the salvage reconstruction at an earlier date, but we have come to feel that the patients do better overall if they are allowed a period of healing before proceeding with the next surgery.

What is DIEP Flap Reconstruction?

Perforator  flaps and natural breast reconstruction represent the state-of-the-art in breast reconstruction. The DIEP flap is the most frequently used type of  perforator surgery for breast reconstruction because of the tummy tuck benefit  that can be part of the process. Doctors  borrow skin and tissue from your abdomen, and use it to create a soft, warm,  living breast.

It starts  with an incision along the bikini line similar to a tummy tuck incision.  Surgeons remove the necessary skin, soft tissue, and tiny feeding blood  vessels. The blood vessels are matched to supplying vessels at the mastectomy  site and reattached under a microscope. Tissue is then transformed into a new  breast mound.

Our refined technique provides all the necessary  tissue to build a breast, without removing the abdominal muscles. In addition  to reconstructing the breast, the contour of the abdomen is often improved –  much like a tummy tuck.

Have questions for our team? Send them on over, we’d love to hear from you!

 

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The Benefits of DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Over Other Reconstructive Options

May 11, 2012 by

diep reconstructionThe below question is answered by Charleston breast surgeon, Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr. of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction:

What are the benefits of the DIEP flap breast reconstruction over other options?

I am going to break this question into two parts.

The first part is what are the benefits of the DIEP flap over reconstructive options using implants?  Let us start with the benefits of implants.  The primary benefit of implant is that the operations are shorter, they are potentially safer, and you do not need to operate on another part of the body. Additionally, implants are readily available, and if you do not have enough extra body tissue somewhere to make a breast, implants may be the preferred choice for this reason.  The advantage of the DIEP flap over implants is that it produces a much more natural feeling, warmer, and trouble free breast (after the reconstruction process is completed).  There is data to suggest that women tend to accept the reconstructed breast as their own more readily if it is made using their own tissue, in comparison to women who have a reconstructed breast using implants.  Additionally, many women feel that they have too much extra tissue in their abdominal area, and they may actually view removing this tissue to make a breast as an added bonus.

The second part of this answer is going to be why is the DIEP flap better than other reconstructive options using the patients own tissue, with the most commonly performed in our practice being the GAP or gluteal artery perforator flap, which is taking the buttock.  The primarily advantage of the DIEP over the GAP is that it is faster, and no position changes are needed during surgery to harvest the flap.  If the patient has adequate abdominal tissue to meet her reconstructive needs, we generally recommend using this as our first line option.  Having said that, however, the buttock serves very well to make breast, although the process is a little more tedious and lengthy.

Would you like your breast reconstruction question answered? Just ask us!

 

 


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Potential Issues to Watch for After DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

April 27, 2012 by

The below question is answered by Charleston breast surgeon, Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr. of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction:

What potential issues should I be watching for right after having DIEP flap breast reconstruction?

I am going to split the answer for this into two parts.  First, what you should watch for while you are in the hospital (at which time you will, of course, have lots of help watching for things). Second, what should you watch for when you go home?

When you are in the hospital, we primarily look for changes in the vascular status of the flap.  There are monitors attached to the flap which will within seconds pick up any change in the blood flow to the flap.  If on further evaluation by the nurses, it shows that there is a problem, we will take you back to surgery immediately and attempt to correct the problem.  Fortunately, incidents such as these are rare, but if they do occur.  We have learned that the most important factor is to get to the operating room quickly, in which case we can almost always fix whatever might be wrong.

Thankfully, it is unbelievably rare to have a problem with the blood flow to the flap after going home, although it is not impossible.  Your primary concern should be to follow the specific directions which we have given in terms of positioning and brassiere support.  Most patients still have temperature monitoring strips attach to the flap, and this can serve as useful reassurance to let you know that your flap is fine.  Infections are extremely rare after DIEP flap surgery, but they can occur either at the reconstruction site or at the abdominal donor site.  Wound healing problems are not as rare as infections but may occur.  If you are not radiated, the most likely place to have a wound healing problem is your abdomen.  If you are radiated, it is very common to have a little bit of a wound healing problem where the healthy flap tissue meets the radiated breast skin.  Essentially all wound healing problems can be managed very effectively, so it is not something you need to worry about.

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Your Questions about DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Answered

January 27, 2012 by

The below questions are answered by Charleston breast surgeon, Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr. of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction:

What are the most common reasons a diep flap will fail?

Specifics may vary from case to case and practice to practice, but all failures involve interruption of the blood supply. This can be caused from a clot forming at the arterial or venous anastomosis, or from a conformational change in the blood vessel which produces “kinking” and subsequent interruption of blood supply. Most surgical teams experience dramatically lower failure rates as their experience expands, and it can get very difficult to determine precise reasons for failure (and ways to prevent it) when failure is a very rare event, i.e., success rates of 98-99%, which is typical for experienced surgeons. The best teams will nonetheless strive, whenever they have a failure, to find some “take home message” which they can use to hopefully further minimize their failure rate.

If you had a failure with Diep on one side does that increase your chances of failing again if another flap procedure were done in the future?

In our experience, no, although in a large enough series it may. We have always been able to use the internal mammary vessels, supplied through collaterals, to successfully supply blood to a second flap after an initial flap failed. Generally speaking, the collateral supply to the internal mammary from one intercostal artery is probably sufficient to supply a new flap. I do think that it is advisable, however, to wait at least 3 months following an initial flap failure before attempting a second flap, as this gives time for tissue edema to resolve, and serum protein levels to return to normal.

My Diep Flap failed on one side. I wound up with a silicone implant on the right side, and it is not healing quickly. What should I be watching for ?

That depends on what you mean by “not healing quickly.” If you have an unhealed wound, then something is really wrong, and you should see your surgeon. If it simply hurts or “doesn’t feel right,” then it may improve with time, or you may be developing capsular contracture (a common problem with implants), which may not go away. If you still want a flap, you may well still be able to have one from your buttock or elsewhere.

Do you have a question for the Charleston breast surgeons at The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction? We’d love to hear from you.



 

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Dining Out in Downtown Charleston

January 4, 2012 by

downtown charlestonDowntown Charleston is a dining nirvana. You can find everything from Southern comfort food to the finest French and Japanese cuisine. Following are some of our favorite restaurants.

Cru Café
http://crucafe.com/
Quaint Lowcountry Dining $$$$
18 Pinckney Street, Charleston, SC 29401-2006, (843) 534-2434
Lunch and Dinner

Known for its motto, “Comfort Served Daily,” Cru Café features amazing entrees such as Thai Seafood Risotto, Poblano and Mozzarella Fried Chicken, and barbecued beef brisket. Run by famed Le Cordon Bleu Chef John Zucker, Cru Café has been one of Charleston’s top restaurants since its opening in 2002.

Mercato
http://www.mercatocharleston.com/
Fine Italian Dining $$$
102 North Market Street, Charleston, SC  29401, (843) 722-6393
Dinner

Voted Charleston’s Best New Restaurant by the City Paper, Mercato is noted for its incredible Italian dishes, such as Veal Picatta, Housemade Potato Gnocchi, and Prosciutto and Arugula Pizza. Mercato’s atmosphere transports you to Italy with its Venetian plaster walls, fine Italian leather seats, and 60-year-old Italian chandelier.

39 Rue de Jean
http://www.39ruedejean.com/
French $$$
39 John Street, Charleston, SC 29403, (843) 722-8881
Lunch, dinner

According to its website, 39 Rue de Jean is “a refined French café and bar offering the best in classic Brasserie cuisine.” Enjoy delicious wine from France’s finest vineyards as you dine on Trout Beurre Blanc with almond rice pilaf, Lamb Shank with brandied figs, and Duck Confit with goat-cheese potato croquette.

Wasabi of Charleston
http://wasabiofcharleston.com/
Wasabi Sushi and Japanese Fusion Bar $$$
61 State Street, Charleston, SC  29401, (843) 577-5222
Lunch, dinner

With professional chefs trained in Japan, Wasabi of Charleston is quickly becoming the place to go for sushi and fine Japanese cuisine. You’ll have a difficult time deciding what to order with entrees such as Nabe Yaki Udon and Hibachi Steak and Shrimp and over 45 varieties of sushi and sashimi, including tamago (egg custard) and saba (Japanese king mackerel).

Hominy Grill
http://hominygrill.com/
Southern (excellent for brunch and breakfast) $$ – $$$
207 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC 29403-5864, (843) 937-0930
Brunch, Breakfast, Lunch, dinner

For some good old Southern comfort food, go to the nationally acclaimed Hominy Grill. Everything is prepared with locally sourced, fresh ingredients, and you’ll love the hearty breakfast with housemade sausage and hominy grits for breakfast. For brunch, try the salmon potato cakes with poached eggs, and for lunch or dinner, indulge in the Low Country Purloo, rice casserole with ham, sausage, chicken wings, and shrimp.

Which amazing downtown Charleston restaurants have you tried?

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Are Overweight Women Better Candidates for DIEP Flap Reconstruction?

December 9, 2011 by

The below question is answered by Richard M. Kline Jr., M.D. of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction

I’ve read that women who are overweight are better candidates for DIEP flaps since they have “extra” to use, what is your opinion?

Many women with high BMIs (exceeding 40) have enjoyed successful flap reconstructions; however, they are at significantly higher risk of developing post operative complications.

It is well-demonstrated in the plastic surgery literature, that people with a significantly higher BMI are far more likely to experience complications than those with a lower BMI. There is no magical “line-in-the-sand” cut-off point, though—many factors, such as proportion of fat, which is intra-abdominal (vs. subcutaneous, which is what can be used in a flap), undoubtedly play a role in determining each person’s risk. Besides wound-healing problems, increased BMI also increases the risk for blood clots, which can, of course, be lethal.

Some lay-posters on blogs have stated that you shouldn’t worry about blood clots because injectable blood thinners will prevent them. This is a VERY DANGEROUS misconception—blood thinners only REDUCE the incidence of blood clots, and nothing can completely prevent them in all patients. We feel that it is your surgeon’s duty to you to assess your individual risks, and propose a plan that will get you through the surgery as safely as possible. Other surgeons, and other patients, may feel differently.

Our practice has demonstrated that it IS possible to have an outstanding safety record, while simultaneously maintaining a high reconstruction success rate. My personal flap survival rate over the last 10 years exceeds 99%, and the overwhelming majority of our patients are pleased that they went through the procedure at our facility. Our primary goal, however, is not to try and push limits by seeing what we can “get away with” in higher-risk patients. Instead, we strive to give everyone the best possible Natural Breast Reconstruction with perforator flaps, while at the same time doing everything possible to ensure their safety.

—Richard M. Kline Jr., M.D.

The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction

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Breast Reconstruction Surgeons Answer Your Questions About Reconstructive Surgery

September 9, 2011 by

reconstruction optionsThe question below is answered by Charleston breast surgeons Dr. James Craigie and Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr., of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction.

What is the difference between breast reconstruction and augmentation?

Breast augmentation is when you increase the size of a normal healthy breast, almost always with saline or silicone gel implants.

Breast reconstruction is restoring the form of a breast that has been damaged, partially removed, or completely removed. Breast reconstruction is almost always done after treatment for breast cancer, although there are some birth defects that can result in the need for breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction can be performed with implants (the same ones used for breast augmentation), or with the body’s own excess tissue (usually from the abdomen or buttocks), thus avoiding the need to place foreign objects in the body.

What are the pros and cons of a DIEP versus a TRAM flap reconstruction?

The primary advantage of DIEP flaps over TRAM flaps is a far greater potential for preservation of rectus abdominus muscle function, since no muscle is removed with a DIEP, yet one or both rectus muscles is obligatorily completely sacrificed with every TRAM flap. Additionally, since the muscle does not need to be tunneled under the skin to reach the breast area with a DIEP, the shape of the inferior region of the breast can be better defined.

The primary advantage of the TRAM flap over the DIEP flap is that it can be done by one surgeon who does not have the skills or equipment (microscope and special instrumentation) to perform a DIEP flap. While TRAM flaps can sometimes be performed more quickly than DIEP flaps, this is not always the case, and is very dependent upon the skills and experience of the surgeon. In our practice, DIEP flaps are always performed with two fully-trained perforator flap surgeons present, which we believe contributes greatly to the success and timely completion of the surgeries.

Why don’t more plastic surgeons offer the DIEP procedure?

When the DIEP flap was originally presented by Dr. Robert Allen in the 1990s, it was frequently criticized as being too difficult for many surgeons to learn to perform easily. While many more surgeons now offer the DIEP flap, it is still more technically demanding for the surgeon than many other procedures, and can be quite difficult to learn without spending significant time with another surgeon who has considerable experience with the operation.

Do you have a question for the breast surgeons of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction? If so, we’d love to hear from you. Click here to ask us!

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Is It Normal to Suffer With Abdominal Hernias After Reconstruction Surgery?

July 1, 2011 by

The below question is answered by Richard M. Kline Jr., M.D., of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction.

Is it routine to suffer with abdominal hernias after reconstruction surgery? Is it possible to correct this so there will be no more hernias or surgeries?

Sorry to hear about your problem.

It’s certainly NOT routine, at least not with experienced surgeons doing muscle sparing reconstruction (such as the DIEP flap). Unfortunately, however, it can occasionally happen under the best of circumstances, and we always warn patients about this risk, although I haven’t had a patient with a hernia in several years. Depending on the particular circumstances, it should almost always be possible to fix it, although in the worst cases it could require the implantation of permanent plastic mesh. A worst-case scenario would be a patient who is significantly overweight, with a large volume of intra-abdominal fat, which would push heavily against the muscular abdominal wall from the inside. However, even this situation should be correctable. If your plastic surgeon isn’t comfortable fixing it, then a general surgeon may be (although general surgeons typically refer the WORST hernias to plastic surgeons).

Good luck, and please feel free to ask more questions if you need more information.

—Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr.

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The Three Stages of DIEP / GAP Free Flap Breast Reconstruction

April 22, 2011 by

The below question is answered by Christina Hobgood Naugle, PA-C, of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction.

charleston breast surgeons

Christina Hobgood Naugle, PA-C

What are the stages involved in DIEP / GAP free flap breast reconstruction?

The stages of breast free flap reconstruction at our facility can vary depending upon what time in the treatment process we initially meet the patient. The best scenario occurs when the treatment is mastectomy, alone. In those patients, we are able to discuss a skin and possible nipple-sparring mastectomy. This approach means that there is a possibility that the patient would only require one step, although most women are not opposed to a second stage when liposuction, “body contouring,” is involved. Many patients do not have this opportunity, so for them, this process usually involves three stages.

The first stage, being the most involved, is the “technical” stage—the microsurgery element.  After meeting with one of our physicians and discussing the best donor site tissue (tummy, buttocks or inner thigh) the process begins and we relocate the tissue to form a new breast mound. Only the donor site fatty tissue and the blood vessels that nourish that tissue are removed. NO muscle is sacrificed. This blood supply is separated from the body and reconnected to the vessel in the chest wall that once nourished the native breast.

Since the new breast mound is solely relying on the tiny vessels we reconnected initially, we keep you in the hospital for four days to monitor the blood flow into the relocated tissue. This stage of the procedure can require about a six to eight week recovery period, depending upon healing. It varies greatly when women are feeling well enough to return to work or resume the activities they enjoyed prior to surgery.

About three months after Stage One, we may begin discussing each specific patient’s Stage Two.  Three months is the minimum amount of time that we allow. In some cases, we recommend waiting slightly longer than three months (example: radiated tissue, healing issues, or unilateral reconstruction).

Stage Two could be described as the “plastic surgery” side of the breast reconstruction. This is the stage where we fine tune everything that was accomplished in the first procedure, and attempt to improve upon your concerns and how clothes fit. During the first stage, we try our best to achieve symmetry between the two breasts, but sometimes the doctors are limited on the shaping that they are able to accomplish because of the microsurgery portion. Stage Two is about improving symmetry between the two breasts, re-building a nipple if needed, and improving the donor site. This is usually an outpatient hospital procedure but, on the rare occasion, the patient may need to stay overnight.

The procedures performed during this stage vary from person to person, according to their needs. Recovery time varies, too. It could be as little as a day or two weeks, according to the procedures that need to be performed to achieve your desired result.

Three months after your second stage, it is time for your areola tattoo, Stage Three. Women who were able to save their nipple / areola complex at Stage One do not require this stage and are complete at Stage Two. The tattoo is performed in the office under local anesthesia. There is really nothing to this phase. You may drive yourself to the office and expect to be out in one to two hours. It’s really a lot like a social visit and other than exposing your newly tattooed area to public bodies of water like swimming pools, lakes or beaches, there is not much aftercare to speak of. Simple local wound care is all that is required. The risks are minimal and infection and complications are rare.

Many women think of the tattooing as the final hurdle. The best comment I’ve heard was from a woman who stated that after the tattoo healed, she got out of the shower one day and upon looking in the mirror, felt like everything was behind her.

A few other things to keep in mind:

  • Scars look their worse at about three to six months, from that point they should steadily lighten and become less noticeable. It’s hard, but be patient. It takes a while for scars to fully mature and everyone is different.
  • You’ll meet with your surgeon and discuss the best case scenario for you and how to get your breast reconstruction accomplished in as few steps as possible. It is important, even though you are plagued with so many other physicians and concerns, to meet with your surgeon before you have your mastectomy to keep the surgical stages to a minimum. At this point, we’re able to discuss with you your breast surgeon incision site techniques and helpful concepts to improve you final outcome. We also ask your surgeon to weigh the amount of breast tissue removed. It helps for our reconstructive surgeons to know how much breast tissue was removed with your mastectomy and use that number to work toward  rebuilding your new breast, hopefully achieving a symmetrical result earlier in the process to minimize the number of surgical stages.

  • Most patients after the first stage have breast mounds and feel comfortable in clothing. If they must delay State Two of their procedure to undergo chemotherapy, build up time off from work, or just desire time with their family, they are not on a time restriction. (Do keep in mind your deductable.)

  • Vanity is not even a consideration in the breast reconstruction process and these surgeries are not cosmetic plastic surgical procedures. It all comes down to trying to get your body back together and make you as happy as possible, so you can move forward with your life and not have the reminder of everything that you have been through and overcome.
  • Procedures in the breast not affected by breast cancer are insurance covered reconstructive procedures, too. When patients have unilateral reconstruction, achieving symmetry is a little bit more complicated. We have to let the newly relocated tissue settle and heal. The second stage surgical procedures in this case can include, breast lift, reduction, and / or minor procedures to fine tune and attempt to achieve symmetry between the native and reconstructed breast.

We like our patients to discuss with us the things that bother them about their reconstructive result. There are usually things we can improve upon, whether it’s a local procedure in our office or an additional stage. The three stages described in this piece are an outline to the overall process.

Breast reconstruction cases vary and affect each individual differently based upon a number of factors. Some people require one stage and others two or three outpatient or minor procedures to return their bodies back to where they are comfortable and confident.  After you overcome the first stage, the rest are just fine tuning by standard outpatient procedures and local procedures. It is all about making you as comfortable and confident as possible.

—Christina Hobgood Naugle, PA-C

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Is a DIEP Flap Reconstruction Right for You?

April 8, 2011 by

 

The below question is answered by Dr. Richard M. Kline, Jr., of The Center for Natural Breast Reconstruction.

My plastic surgeon told me that I did not have enough excess tissue in my abdomen to have a DIEP. What can I do now?

That’s a common question, thanks for asking. Many women wonder themselves if they actually have enough tissue for DIEP flap reconstruction, and others are told by their plastic surgeon that they do not. When assessing whether or not a patient’s abdomen can meet their reconstructive needs, several factors need to be taken into account.

First, are we talking about reconstructing one breast, or both breasts? Obviously, reconstructing both breasts takes twice as much tissue as reconstructing one breast. When only one breast is needed, it is possible to use both sides of the abdomen to reconstruct just one breast. This is called a “stacked flap,” which utilizes both sides of the abdomen, with two separate blood supplies, to make just one breast. We routinely do this procedure for patients who just need one breast reconstruction, but require both sides of their abdomen to get the size breast that they desire. It’s more complicated than connecting just one blood supply, but our practice has performed this operation well over a hundred times, with excellent success. In fact, we believe that stacked flaps may be less susceptible to fat necrosis (a complication of DIEP flaps where some of the fat, usually on the edge, dies and gets hard) than ordinary DIEP flaps.

Second, in trying to answer this question, the patient’s desired breast size must be taken into account. A patient who wants both breasts reconstructed to size “D,” but who does not have enough abdominal tissue to make a” D” size breast on each side, might have adequate tissue to make a “B” sized breast on each side. In this situation, if “B” sized breasts would not be acceptable to the patient, then we would usually recommend using the buttocks (a GAP flap) as the donor site.

Use of the buttocks for breast reconstruction, particularly for reconstructing both breasts at the same surgery, is significantly more complicated than using the DIEP flap. Fortunately, we have extensive experience with this procedure, having performed it several hundred times with a 99% success rate. If a patient did not wish to use their buttocks as the donor site, then they would still have the option of accepting a smaller breast size from the abdomen, or they may possibly decide to use implants, foregoing autologous reconstruction altogether.

Finally, for the patient who is told by their surgeon that they do not have enough tissue for a DIEP flap, it is worth noting that it can be extremely difficult for a surgeon who does not routinely perform DIEP flaps to properly assess the amount of donor tissue a patient has available in her abdomen. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat, which is the thickness that can be “pinched” between the skin and the muscle of the abdominal wall, is of paramount importance in assessing how large a breast can be made from the DIEP flap.

In addition, the maximum height of the flap also plays a role in determining what size breast can be made. In assessing how “high” a flap can be safely harvested from the abdomen, it is important to look at how much loose skin is present between the belly button and the bottom of the ribs.  If there is a lot of loose skin in this area, then it will stretch downward more easily to close the lower abdominal wound after harvest of the flap, thus allowing for a larger flap to be obtained. Again, precise assessment of the availability of abdominal donor tissue requires a significant amount of experience on the part of the surgeon, and is ideally performed while examining the patient in person, as opposed to simply looking at photographs.

In closing, to determine if a patient has “enough tissue for a DIEP flap,” we must ask these questions:

  • Are we reconstructing one or both breasts?
  • What size breast are we attempting to reconstruct?
  • What is an experienced surgeon’s assessment of how much tissue can be removed from the abdomen?

Only by taking all of the above into account can a meaningful answer to the question be obtained. We believe that effective communication between the patient and the reconstructive team, in this situation and in most others, is often the key to a successful and happy outcome.

—Richard M. Kline, Jr., M.D.

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